Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Secondary Metabolites (Phytochemicals) in Neem Stem Bark
Adeoye Ademola E.1, Adeoye Moses A.2, Mustapha Mufliat A.2
1Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria
2Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria
Adeoye Ademola E.1, Adeoye Moses A.2, Mustapha Mufliat A.2
1Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria
2Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria
Int. J. Grad. Res. Rev. Vol 7(3): 50-56.
Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Graduate Research and Review
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
The astronomical increase in the costs of chemical fertilizers, agrochemicals, animal feeds and most especially synthetic drugs, has led to an increase in debt and poverty rate coupled with the resultant environmental degradation caused by exploring the resources. However, Neem tree has proven to be a great substitute with great potential in the 21st century. In this research, the bioactive chemical constituents of Neem stem bark were extracted, separated and analyzed to determine the chemical composition of the fractions using various methods. A fresh neem sample was collected at Shalom Farm, Ojoo area, Ibadan in Oyo state, the sample was grinded into powdered form and prepared via extraction using various solvents; n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol and the chemical constituents were separated using GC/MS technique and later on the neem stem sample was digested with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in the ratio 4:1 (acid ratio). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses was carried out on the sample extract and finely ground neem stem sample (as the case may be). The results showed that the prominent metabolites in Neem stem bark are Saponins and Alkaloids, while Flavonoids, Anthraquinones, Steroids etc. are present in trace amount and also Cardenolides and Chalcones were not detected.
It is very important that more research be carried out on Secondary metabolites, which has proven to be very helpful to the chemical industries to produce plant based chemicals to minimize environmental degradation and to promote green chemistry.
Keywords: Neem; phytochemicals; solvents; metabolites.
The astronomical increase in the costs of chemical fertilizers, agrochemicals, animal feeds and most especially synthetic drugs, has led to an increase in debt and poverty rate coupled with the resultant environmental degradation caused by exploring the resources. However, Neem tree has proven to be a great substitute with great potential in the 21st century. In this research, the bioactive chemical constituents of Neem stem bark were extracted, separated and analyzed to determine the chemical composition of the fractions using various methods. A fresh neem sample was collected at Shalom Farm, Ojoo area, Ibadan in Oyo state, the sample was grinded into powdered form and prepared via extraction using various solvents; n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol and the chemical constituents were separated using GC/MS technique and later on the neem stem sample was digested with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in the ratio 4:1 (acid ratio). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses was carried out on the sample extract and finely ground neem stem sample (as the case may be). The results showed that the prominent metabolites in Neem stem bark are Saponins and Alkaloids, while Flavonoids, Anthraquinones, Steroids etc. are present in trace amount and also Cardenolides and Chalcones were not detected.
It is very important that more research be carried out on Secondary metabolites, which has proven to be very helpful to the chemical industries to produce plant based chemicals to minimize environmental degradation and to promote green chemistry.
Keywords: Neem; phytochemicals; solvents; metabolites.
